Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary

Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary: A Jewel of the Western Ghats

Overview
Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary, established in December 2011, spans an impressive 19,042.58 hectares (73.52 square miles) in the Western Ghats of Khanapur Taluk, Belgavi District, Karnataka. This sanctuary is characterized by its lush tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, offering a rich habitat for a diverse array of flora and fauna.

Etymology
The sanctuary derives its name from Bhimgad Fort, built by the legendary Maratha king Shivaji in the 17th century. The fort, situated 1,800 feet above the plains, served as a strategic point against Portuguese incursions and stands as a testament to the region’s historical significance.

Geography
Located approximately 35 km southwest of Belgaum city, the sanctuary shares its borders with the Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary and other protected areas in Goa and Karnataka. It features rugged terrain with limestone formations and several caves, contributing to its unique biodiversity.

Rivers and Water Resources
The sanctuary is the origin of several rivers, including the Mhadei, Malaprabha, and Tillari. The Mhadei River, formed by a cluster of springs within the sanctuary, cascades over the stunning Vajrapoha Falls, enhancing the area’s ecological importance. The protection of this sanctuary plays a crucial role in preserving Goa’s water resources.

Biodiversity
The sanctuary hosts a remarkable variety of wildlife, including:

• Mammals: Tigers, leopards, gaur, sloth bears, sambar deer, spotted deer, chitals, foxes, wild dogs, and elephants.
• Birds: Numerous avian species thrive here, contributing to the sanctuary’s ecological balance.
• Reptiles: Home to king cobras and other reptiles.

Bhimgad serves as a vital tiger corridor, connecting Karnataka’s Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary with Goa’s Mollem Wildlife Sanctuary, highlighting its importance in wildlife conservation.

Flora
The sanctuary’s forests are a mosaic of diverse plant life, rich in medicinal plants and unique species endemic to the region. The interplay of woodlands and grasslands creates a complex ecosystem, underscoring its biological and ecological significance.

Conclusion
Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary stands as a crucial habitat for countless species and a vital component of the Western Ghats’ ecological landscape. Its rich biodiversity, historical significance, and vital water resources make it an essential area for conservation and ecological studies.